{"id":162557,"date":"2024-04-01T23:07:13","date_gmt":"2024-04-01T23:07:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/mukerrer-takip\/"},"modified":"2024-04-01T23:07:13","modified_gmt":"2024-04-01T23:07:13","slug":"mukerrer-takip","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/mukerrer-takip\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fckerrer Takip"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"162557\" class=\"elementor elementor-162557 elementor-55723\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-834e74a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"834e74a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f4e59 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"16f4e59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0d92cd exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0d92cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>PR \u2013 M &#8211; 034<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2bfc1c exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2bfc1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/p><p>Hukuk kurallar\u0131 toplumda ya\u015fayan bireyler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri d\u00fczenlemek amac\u0131yla devletin yetkili organlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan konulan, devlet taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fceyyidelerle g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan kurallard\u0131r. Muhataplar\u0131n hukuk kurallar\u0131na kendi iradeleriyle uymas\u0131 esast\u0131r. Ancak her toplumda ve her d\u00f6nemde bireylerin hak ihlali iddialar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olaca\u011f\u0131ndan bunun fiilen ve tam olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p><p>Bireyler aras\u0131nda bir hak ihlali s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda devlet hukuk kurallar\u0131 aray\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla m\u00fcdahale eder. Bu m\u00fcdahalelerden biri de icra hukukunda s\u00f6z konusu olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130cra hukuku, y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan kendi iradesiyle yerine getirilmeyen bor\u00e7lar\u0131n devlet g\u00fcc\u00fcyle yerine getirilmesini konu al\u0131r. \u0130cra hukukunun temel amac\u0131 bor\u00e7lular kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 korurken menfaat dengesini sa\u011flayarak bor\u00e7lunun hakk\u0131n\u0131n da ihlal edilmemesidir. Alacakl\u0131 ve bor\u00e7lu aras\u0131nda menfaat dengesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan takibin m\u00fckerrerli\u011fi konusu \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>\u0130CRA HUKUKUNDA TAK\u0130P \u0130\u015eLEMLER\u0130 VE M\u00dcKERRER TAK\u0130P<\/strong><\/p><p>\u0130cra takiplerine y\u00f6n veren i\u015flemlere takip i\u015flemi denir. Takip i\u015flemleri taraf takip i\u015flemleri ve icra dairesinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemler olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Taraf takip i\u015flemleri, taraflar\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu takip i\u015flemlerine y\u00f6n ve \u015fekil veren i\u015flemlerken; icra dairesinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemler, icra dairesi taraf\u0131ndan bor\u00e7luya y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lan, icran\u0131n ilerlemesini sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 nitelikteki takip i\u015flemleridir.<\/p><p>Ayn\u0131 alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 bor\u00e7luya kar\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 konuda takip i\u015flemi yapmas\u0131 durumunda ise m\u00fckerrer takip s\u00f6z konusu olur. 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun 68. Maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131nda <em>\u201cTalebine itiraz edilen alacakl\u0131n\u0131n takibi, imzas\u0131 ikrar veya noterlik\u00e7e tasdik edilen bor\u00e7 ikrar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir senede yahut resm\u00ee dairelerin veya yetkili makamlar\u0131n yetkileri dahilinde ve usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re verdikleri bir makbuz veya belgeye m\u00fcstenitse, alacakl\u0131 itiraz\u0131n kendisine tebli\u011fi tarihinden itibaren alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde itiraz\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde itiraz\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istenilmedi\u011fi takdirde yeniden il\u00e2ms\u0131z takip yap\u0131lamaz.\u201d<\/em> \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere ayn\u0131 alacak i\u00e7in m\u00fckerrer takip yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p><p>Bor\u00e7lunun borcunu zaman\u0131nda ve eksiksiz yerine getirmemesi, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7lunun haklar\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz m\u00fcdahale etmesi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 10. Maddesinde <em>\u201cDevlet organlar\u0131 ve idare makamlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015flemlerinde\u00a0kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik ilkesine uygun olarak hareket etmek zorundad\u0131rlar.\u201d<\/em> \u015feklinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere cebir yetkisine sahip icra organlar\u0131 da temelini Anayasa\u2019dan ald\u0131klar\u0131 bu yetkilerini kullan\u0131rken gerek alacakl\u0131 ile bor\u00e7lu aras\u0131nda gerekse di\u011fer ilgililer aras\u0131nda e\u015fitlik ilkesini g\u00f6zetmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler. Ayn\u0131 alacak i\u00e7in m\u00fckerrer takip yap\u0131lmas\u0131 bor\u00e7lu ve alacakl\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki menfaat dengesini bozaca\u011f\u0131ndan e\u015fitlik ilkesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir i\u015flem olacakt\u0131r.<\/p><p>Keza Yarg\u0131tay da kararlar\u0131nda m\u00fckerrer takip hususuna de\u011finmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p><em>Yarg\u0131tay 19 Hukuk Dairesi 2019\/2549 E. 2019\/5602 K. say\u0131l\u0131 18.12.2019 tarihli karar\u0131nda;&#8221; \u0130.\u0130.K&#8217;nun 68\/1 maddesi gere\u011fince m\u00fckerrer ilams\u0131z takip yap\u0131lamaz. Usul\u00fcne uygun yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir takip bulunmas\u0131 itiraz\u0131n iptali davas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in dava \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Dava konusu takip m\u00fckerrer ilams\u0131z takip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in usul\u00fcne uygun bir takip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan itiraz\u0131n iptali davas\u0131 i\u00e7in dava \u015fart\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla davan\u0131n usulden reddi gerekirken, i\u015fin esas\u0131na girilerek karar verilmesi do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.&#8221;<\/em> denilerek m\u00fckerrer takip yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kanuna ve usule ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>TAK\u0130B\u0130N M\u00dcKERRERL\u0130\u011e\u0130NDE BA\u015eVURULACAK YOL<\/strong><\/p><p>\u015eik\u00e2yet, icra ve iflas organlar\u0131n\u0131n, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131, hadiseye uygun olmayan, kamu d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131 veya bir hakk\u0131n yerine getirilmemesi ya da sebepsiz s\u00fcr\u00fcncemede b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 niteli\u011finde olan muamelelerine kar\u015f\u0131 bu i\u015flemlerin iptali, d\u00fczeltilmesi ya da yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan bir i\u015flemin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik icra mahkemesine yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurudur. \u015eik\u00e2yetin s\u00fcresi, \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun 16. Maddesinde <em>\u201cKanunun hallini mahkemeye b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar m\u00fcstesna olmak \u00fczere \u0130cra ve \u0130flas dairelerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 muameleler hakk\u0131nda kanuna muhalif olmas\u0131ndan veya hadiseye uygun bulunmamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 icra mahkemesine \u015fik\u00e2yet olunabilir.<\/em> <em>\u015eik\u00e2yet bu muamelelerin \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fi tarihten yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yap\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d<\/em> olarak h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lgili maddenin 2.f\u0131kas\u0131nda ise <em>\u201cBir hakk\u0131n yerine getirilmemesinden veya sebepsiz s\u00fcr\u00fcncemede b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 her zaman \u015fik\u00e2yet olunabilir.\u201d<\/em> denilerek baz\u0131 hallerde s\u00fcresiz olarak \u015fik\u00e2yet yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u015eik\u00e2yetin s\u00fcresiz oldu\u011fu di\u011fer bir hal ise kamu d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Kamunun menfaatlerini ihlal eden i\u015flemler ile takibin taraflar\u0131n\u0131n veya di\u011fer ilgililerin temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini ihlal eden i\u015flemler kamu d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rlar ve bu i\u015flemlere kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresiz \u015fik\u00e2yet yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilir.\u00a0<\/p><p>M\u00fckerrer takip ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet mi yoksa itiraz m\u0131 yoluna gidilece\u011fi ise tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130tiraz yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re; \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun 60. Maddesinde <em>\u201c\u0130cra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc takip talebinin bu Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fine karar verirse \u00f6deme emri d\u00fczenler.\u201d<\/em> \u015feklinde ifade edilen, icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn takip talebi \u00fczerine \u00f6deme emri g\u00f6nderme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ayn\u0131 alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 bor\u00e7luya kar\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 konuda daha \u00f6nce takip ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131p ba\u015flat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda re\u2019sen inceleme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle m\u00fckerrer takip i\u015flemine kar\u015f\u0131 itiraz yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi savunulmaktad\u0131r. M\u00fckerrer takibe kar\u015f\u0131 itiraz yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 konusunda Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n daha \u00f6nce vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu kararlar olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, yak\u0131n tarihli kararlar\u0131nda \u015fik\u00e2yet yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Bununla birlikte derdestlik, Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 114. maddesi uyar\u0131nca dava \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak icra takibi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan derdestlik de bir takip \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r ve kamu d\u00fczenindendir.<\/p><p><em>Yarg\u0131tay 19. Hukuk Dairesi 2016\/14890 E. 2017\/7766 K. say\u0131l\u0131 16.12.2017 tarihli karar\u0131nda;\u201c\u20268. \u0130cra M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 2011\/4052 Esas say\u0131l\u0131 dosyas\u0131 ile 18.05.2011 tarihinde ilams\u0131z icra takibi yapm\u0131\u015f, takip bor\u00e7lunun 13.06.2011 tarihli itiraz dilek\u00e7esi ile durdurulmu\u015ftur. Alacakl\u0131 davac\u0131 itiraz \u00fczerine 13.06.2011 tarihinde duran takibe kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir giri\u015fimde bulunmadan 27.12.2012 tarihinde Adana 3. \u0130cra M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 2012\/12987 say\u0131l\u0131 takibini ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f ve itiraz \u00fczerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan itiraz\u0131n iptali davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan yasa h\u00fckm\u00fc ve ilk takibe kar\u015f\u0131 dava a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde m\u00fckerrer takip bulunmas\u0131 dava \u015fart\u0131 oldu\u011fundan davan\u0131n reddi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde karar verilmesi isabetsizdir.\u201d<\/em> denilerek m\u00fckerrer takip i\u015fleminin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n bir dava \u015fart\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda dava \u015fartlar\u0131 mahkemece re\u2019sen dikkate al\u0131n\u0131yorsa takip \u015fartlar\u0131 da icra dairesince re\u2019sen dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Al\u0131nmamas\u0131 halinde de \u015fik\u00e2yete konu edilmelidir. <em>Yarg\u0131tay 12. Hukuk Dairesi, 2018\/14389 E. 2020\/27 K. say\u0131l\u0131 13.1.2020 tarihli karar\u0131nda;\u201c\u2026b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesince, bor\u00e7lunun m\u00fckerrer takip yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik iddias\u0131n\u0131n borca itiraz niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu ve takibin \u015fekline g\u00f6re icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esi ile alacakl\u0131n\u0131n istinaf talebinin kabul\u00fcyle mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u015fik\u00e2yetin reddine karar verildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bor\u00e7lunun, icra takibinin \u0130\u0130K&#8217;nun 45. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu nedenine dayal\u0131 ba\u015fvurusu, \u0130\u0130K&#8217;nun 16. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda \u015fik\u00e2yet olup inceleme mercii icra mahkemesidir. \u00d6te yandan bu husus kamu d\u00fczeninden olup \u0130\u0130K&#8217;nun 16\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca s\u00fcreye tabi de\u011fildir\u2026\u201d<\/em> denilerek m\u00fckerrer takip i\u015fleminin s\u00fcresiz \u015fik\u00e2yete konu olaca\u011f\u0131na dair karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Yine Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n bir di\u011fer karar\u0131nda bu husus a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <em>Yarg\u0131tay 12. Hukuk Dairesi 2019\/9462 E. 2020\/2696 K. say\u0131l\u0131 16.3.2020 tarihli karar\u0131nda;<\/em><em>\u201c\u2026<\/em><em>ilk ba\u015flat\u0131lan takip dosyas\u0131nda tahsili m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan alaca\u011f\u0131n, makul bir neden olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yeni bir takip ile istendi\u011fi, mahkemece bor\u00e7lunun m\u00fckerrer takip iddias\u0131 incelenmeksizin s\u00fcre a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle \u015fik\u00e2yetin<\/em><em> reddine karar verildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/em><em>O halde mahkemece ilaml\u0131 icra takibinde m\u00fckerrerlik \u015fik\u00e2yetinin<\/em><em> s\u00fcresiz olarak yap\u0131labilece\u011fi g\u00f6zetilmek suretiyle \u0130\u0130K&#8217;nun 18. maddesi gere\u011fince duru\u015fma a\u00e7\u0131larak taraf beyanlar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra, takibin m\u00fckerrer olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilerek sonuca gidilmesi gerekirken eksik inceleme ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma ile evrak \u00fczerinden karar verilmesi isabetsiz olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/em> \u00a0<\/p><p>Yukar\u0131da bahsedilen iki kararda da m\u00fckerrer takibin icra dairesinin re&#8217;sen dikkate almas\u0131 gereken bir husus olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kamu d\u00fczeninden oldu\u011fu ve bu husustaki \u015fik\u00e2yetin s\u00fcreye ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak, m\u00fckerrer takip i\u015flemi ayn\u0131 alacakl\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 bor\u00e7luya kar\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 alacak hakk\u0131nda birden fazla takip i\u015flemi yapmas\u0131d\u0131r. Takibin m\u00fckerrerli\u011fi, Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 114. maddesi ve \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu\u2019nun 68. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda bir dava \u015fart\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle icra daireleri taraf\u0131ndan re\u2019sen incelenmesi gereken bir husustur. Bununla birlikte takibin m\u00fckerrerli\u011fi takibin taraflar\u0131n\u0131n veya di\u011fer ilgililerin hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini ihlal etti\u011finden dolay\u0131 kamu d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir i\u015flemdir ve bu i\u015fleme kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fvurulacak yol s\u00fcresiz \u015fik\u00e2yet yoludur.<\/p><p><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\">01.04.2024<\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Feyzanur \u015eAH\u0130N<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\">Stajyer Avukat<\/p><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PR \u2013 M &#8211; 034 G\u0130R\u0130\u015e Hukuk kurallar\u0131 toplumda ya\u015fayan bireyler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri d\u00fczenlemek amac\u0131yla devletin yetkili organlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan konulan, devlet taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fceyyidelerle g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan kurallard\u0131r. Muhataplar\u0131n hukuk kurallar\u0131na kendi iradeleriyle uymas\u0131 esast\u0131r. Ancak her toplumda ve her d\u00f6nemde bireylerin hak ihlali iddialar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olaca\u011f\u0131ndan bunun fiilen ve tam olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":77935,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ub_ctt_via":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[319,320],"tags":[321],"class_list":["post-162557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-ar-2","category-makaleler-ar","tag-etiket-ar-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/MAKALELER.png","author_info":{"display_name":"Feyzanur \u015eAH\u0130N","author_link":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/author\/feyzanursahin\/"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162557","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162557"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162557\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}