{"id":162614,"date":"2021-09-25T22:35:48","date_gmt":"2021-09-25T22:35:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/yabancilarin-adli-islemlerinde-teminat-sorumlulugu-2\/"},"modified":"2021-09-25T22:35:48","modified_gmt":"2021-09-25T22:35:48","slug":"yabancilarin-adli-islemlerinde-teminat-sorumlulugu-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/yabancilarin-adli-islemlerinde-teminat-sorumlulugu-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n Adli \u0130\u015flemlerinde Teminat Sorumlulu\u011fu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"162614\" class=\"elementor elementor-162614 elementor-55560\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-834e74a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"834e74a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f4e59 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"16f4e59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0d92cd exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0d92cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>PR \u2013 M &#8211; 017<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2bfc1c exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2bfc1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Teminat konusu T\u00fcrk Hukuku\u2019nda Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu m. 84-89 ile Milletleraras\u0131 \u00d6zel Hukuk ve Usul Hukuku Hakk\u0131nda Kanun m. 48\u2019de d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. HMK m. 84\/1-a\u2019da mutad meskeni T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n dava a\u00e7mas\u0131, davac\u0131 yan\u0131nda davaya m\u00fcdahil (fer\u2019i m\u00fcdahil) olarak kat\u0131lmas\u0131 veya takip yapmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken teminat d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. M\u00d6HUK m. 48\u2019de ise bir yabanc\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de dava a\u00e7mas\u0131, davaya kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da icra takibinde bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yat\u0131rmas\u0131 gereken teminat konusu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>YABANCI KAVRAMI<\/strong><\/p><p>Anayasa madde 66\u2019ya g\u00f6re; T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetine vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olan herkes T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fundan, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetine vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan herkes yabanc\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kapsamda, \u00f6rne\u011fin vatans\u0131zlar, m\u00fclteciler, sadece yabanc\u0131 devlet vatanda\u015f\u0131 olanlar yabanc\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p>Bir kimsenin birden fazla vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olup bu vatanda\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan birinin T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, bu ki\u015fi M\u00d6HUK m. 4\/1-c bendi h\u00fckm\u00fcnce T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131ndan teminat g\u00f6sterme zorunlulu\u011fu yoktur. Ancak bu ki\u015finin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de mutad meskeni yoksa HMK m. 84 uyar\u0131nca teminat g\u00f6sterme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vard\u0131r.<\/p><p><\/p><p>Yabanc\u0131l\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ki\u015fi teminat g\u00f6sterdikten sonra, yarg\u0131lama esnas\u0131nda T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u0131rsa HMK madde 89 kapsam\u0131nda mutad meskenin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla teminat\u0131n iadesi gerekmektedir.<\/p><p><\/p><p>T\u00fczel ki\u015filerin yabanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise esas idare merkezi kriterine g\u00f6re belirlenmektedir. Stat\u00fclerindeki idare merkezi T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan bir t\u00fczel ki\u015fi, yabanc\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015fi olaca\u011f\u0131ndan teminat g\u00f6stermek zorundad\u0131r. Ancak bu t\u00fczel ki\u015fi esas idare merkezini T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131rsa art\u0131k teminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bahsedilemez.<\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>TEM\u0130NATIN N\u0130TEL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/strong><\/p><p>Teminat g\u00f6sterme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, davac\u0131n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zellikle daval\u0131n\u0131n davay\u0131 kazanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yarg\u0131lama giderleri ile duruma g\u00f6re daval\u0131n\u0131n muhtemel zarar ve ziyan\u0131n\u0131 talep ve icra edebilme konusunda bir g\u00fcvence te\u015fkil etmektedir. Zira, davac\u0131n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye ile ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 veya zay\u0131f olmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. Bu nedenle, ileride ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi ve bu giderlerin \u00f6nceden talep edilerek g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00d6HUK\u2019da yer alan teminat g\u00f6sterme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, daval\u0131n\u0131n u\u011frayabilece\u011fi yarg\u0131lama ve takip giderleri ile beraber mahkemenin (hazinenin) de u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 muhtemel zararlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n teminat g\u00f6sterme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan re\u2019sen nazara al\u0131n\u0131r. H\u00e2kim, teminatla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc tarafa teminat yat\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun bir s\u00fcre verir. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde teminat g\u00f6sterilmezse, dava us\u00fblden reddedilecek veya HMK m. 88 h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131yasen uygulanmas\u0131 ile icra takibine devam olunamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p><p>HMK madde 87 h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca teminat\u0131n \u015fekli ve tutar\u0131n\u0131 hakim serbest\u00e7e tayin eder. Ancak, taraflar\u0131n teminat\u0131n \u015feklini s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle kararla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde, teminat ona g\u00f6re belirlenir. Durum ve ko\u015fullarda de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmas\u0131 halinde hakim teminat\u0131 azalt\u0131r, artt\u0131r\u0131r, de\u011fi\u015ftirir ya da kald\u0131rabilir.<\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>TEM\u0130NATIN \u0130ST\u0130SNALARI<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Milletleraras\u0131 \u00d6zel Hukuk ve Usul Hukuku Hakk\u0131nda Kanun m. 48\/2 uyar\u0131nca; \u201cMahkeme, dava a\u00e7an\u0131, davaya kat\u0131lan\u0131 veya icra takibi yapan\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k esas\u0131na g\u00f6re teminattan muaf tutar\u201d. Madde h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye ile dava a\u00e7an, davaya kat\u0131lan ya da icra takibi yapan ki\u015finin t\u00e2biiyetinde oldu\u011fu devletle teminat konusunda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde, yabanc\u0131 teminat g\u00f6stermek zorunda kalmayacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li>HMK m. 84\/3 uyar\u0131nca mecburi dava ve takip arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda teminat g\u00f6sterme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn t\u00fcm davac\u0131lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mevcut olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. Madde h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re, davac\u0131lar\u0131n birden fazla olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bunlar\u0131n her birinin teminat yat\u0131rma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeli ve davac\u0131lar aras\u0131nda mecburi ya da ihtiyari dava arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara var\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015e\u00f6yle ki, ihtiyari dava arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu iki yabanc\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu davada, davac\u0131lardan birinin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu devlet ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k varsa o davac\u0131 teminat yat\u0131rmayacakken; di\u011fer davac\u0131n\u0131n vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu devlet ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k yoksa, o davac\u0131 teminat yat\u0131rmak zorunda kalacakt\u0131r. Mecburi dava arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise durum farkl\u0131d\u0131r; davac\u0131lardan birinin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu devletle T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda teminat g\u00f6sterme konusunda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, di\u011feri ile yoksa davac\u0131lar teminat g\u00f6stermekten muaf tutulabilir.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><ul><li>Yabanc\u0131lar da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de adli yard\u0131mdan yararlanabilmektedirler. Ancak yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n adli yard\u0131mdan yararlanmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulmu\u015ftur. Yabanc\u0131 adli yard\u0131mdan yararlanabilecek bir kimse durumundaysa T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 davada veya m\u00fcdahil olaca\u011f\u0131 davada ya da icra takibinde teminat yat\u0131rmak zorunda olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><ul><li>Vatans\u0131z ki\u015filer, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de taraf oldu\u011fu ve 06.06.1960\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Vatans\u0131z Ki\u015filerin Stat\u00fcs\u00fcne \u0130li\u015fkin S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 16. maddesine g\u00f6re vatans\u0131z ki\u015filerin teminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusu T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n teminat g\u00f6sterme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ayn\u0131 esaslara tabi tutulmu\u015ftur.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><ul><li>M\u00fcltecilerin Hukuksal Stat\u00fcs\u00fcne Dair Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 16. Maddesine g\u00f6re m\u00fclteciler teminat g\u00f6sterme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 haklara sahip olacakt\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><ul><li>Ge\u00e7ici koruma stat\u00fcs\u00fc, \u00fclkesinden ayr\u0131lmaya zorlanm\u0131\u015f, ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeye geri d\u00f6nemeyen, acil ve ge\u00e7ici koruma bulmak amac\u0131yla kitlesel olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131za gelen veya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ge\u00e7en yabanc\u0131lara sa\u011flanan bir stat\u00fcd\u00fcr. T\u00fcrk Hukuku\u2019nda ge\u00e7ici korumadan yararlananlar\u0131n teminat konusunda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k \u015fart\u0131ndan muaft\u0131rlar ve T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131 gibi muamele g\u00f6receklerdir. Bu kapsamda, bu ki\u015filerin HMK m. 84\/1-a gere\u011fince mutad meskenlerinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de olup olmamas\u0131na g\u00f6re teminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri do\u011facakt\u0131r. \u015eartl\u0131 m\u00fclteciler i\u00e7in de durum benzerdir.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><ul><li>Mavi kartl\u0131lar, TVK m 28\u2019de say\u0131lan istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 haklara sahip olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, bu kimselerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de dava a\u00e7malar\u0131, davaya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 ya da icra takibinde bulunmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde kural olarak teminat g\u00f6sterme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri yoktur. Ancak mavi kartl\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de mutad meskenleri yoksa ve t\u00e2biiyetinde bulunduklar\u0131 devlet ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda teminat konusunda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k bulunmuyorsa, HMK m. 84 uyar\u0131nca teminat g\u00f6sterme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri devam edecektir.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><em>25.09.2021<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><em>Ensar Emre AKSOY<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Avukat\/Y\u00f6netici<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PR \u2013 M &#8211; 017 Teminat konusu T\u00fcrk Hukuku\u2019nda Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu m. 84-89 ile Milletleraras\u0131 \u00d6zel Hukuk ve Usul Hukuku Hakk\u0131nda Kanun m. 48\u2019de d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. HMK m. 84\/1-a\u2019da mutad meskeni T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n dava a\u00e7mas\u0131, davac\u0131 yan\u0131nda davaya m\u00fcdahil (fer\u2019i m\u00fcdahil) olarak kat\u0131lmas\u0131 veya takip yapmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken teminat d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. M\u00d6HUK [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":77935,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ub_ctt_via":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[319,320],"tags":[321],"class_list":["post-162614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-ar-2","category-makaleler-ar","tag-etiket-ar-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/MAKALELER.png","author_info":{"display_name":"Ensar Emre AKSOY","author_link":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/author\/ensaremreaksoy\/"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162614"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162614\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}