{"id":162620,"date":"2021-09-10T22:16:43","date_gmt":"2021-09-10T22:16:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/manevi-tazminat-davasi-ile-basin-ozgurlugu-iliskisi-2\/"},"modified":"2021-09-10T22:16:43","modified_gmt":"2021-09-10T22:16:43","slug":"manevi-tazminat-davasi-ile-basin-ozgurlugu-iliskisi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/manevi-tazminat-davasi-ile-basin-ozgurlugu-iliskisi-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Manevi Tazminat Davas\u0131 ile Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130li\u015fkisi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"162620\" class=\"elementor elementor-162620 elementor-55506\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-834e74a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"834e74a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f4e59 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"16f4e59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0d92cd exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0d92cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>PR \u2013 M \u2013 0011<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f46cb69 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f46cb69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>21.08.2021<\/strong><\/p><p>Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Anayasan\u0131n 28. maddesiyle 5187 Say\u0131l\u0131 Bas\u0131n Yasas\u0131n\u0131n 1. ve 3. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemelerde bas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrce yay\u0131n yapmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bas\u0131na sa\u011flanan g\u00fcvencenin amac\u0131; toplumun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, mutlu ve g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayabilmesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektir. Bu durum da halk\u0131n d\u00fcnyada ve \u00f6zellikle i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumda meydana gelen ve toplumu ilgilendiren konularda bilgi sahibi olmas\u0131 ile olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmay\u0131p bas\u0131n\u0131n haber verme fonksiyonunu yerine getirirken kullanaca\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n \u00f6zel hukuk alan\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131; <em>ger\u00e7eklik<\/em>, <em>kamu yarar\u0131 ve toplumsal ilgi<\/em>, <em>g\u00fcncellik<\/em>, <em>konu ile ifade aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k<\/em> kurallar\u0131 ile belirlenmi\u015ftir. Zira, Yarg\u0131tay bir\u00e7ok kez bu hususa de\u011finmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p><strong>Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u00a0 E. 2005\/4-644 K. 2005\/701 T. 7.12.2005:<\/strong> <em>&#8221;Temel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct, kamu yarar\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla yay\u0131n, salt toplumun yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Toplumun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir ki\u015fisel \u00e7\u0131kar, ger\u00e7eklerin yanl\u0131\u015f olarak sunulmas\u0131na neden olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Haber oldu\u011fu bi\u00e7imi ile verilmeli ve ki\u015fisel katk\u0131 yer almamal\u0131d\u0131r. Gerek yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve gerekse g\u00f6rsel bas\u0131n\u0131n bu i\u015flevini yerine getirirken, \u00f6zellikle yay\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek olmas\u0131n\u0131, yay\u0131nda kamu yarar\u0131 bulunmas\u0131n\u0131, toplumsal ilginin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, konunun g\u00fcncelli\u011fini ve haber verilirken \u00f6zle bi\u00e7im aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi de korumal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ilke ve kurallar g\u00f6zetilmeden yap\u0131lan yay\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur ve b\u00f6ylece ki\u015filik haklar\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olur.&#8221;<\/em><\/p><p>Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131yla da sabit hale geldi\u011fi gibi yap\u0131lan yay\u0131n\u0131n hukuka uygun olmas\u0131n\u0131n birinci \u015fart\u0131 ger\u00e7ek olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ger\u00e7eklikten anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ise somut ger\u00e7eklik olmay\u0131p g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ger\u00e7ekliktir. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ger\u00e7eklik ise \u201cyay\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda, belirlenen ve var olan ve orta d\u00fczeydeki ki\u015filerce de yay\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imi ile kabul edilen olgular\u0131\u201d ifade etmektedir. Ancak, bas\u0131n\u0131n gerekli \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermeden g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ger\u00e7ek iddias\u0131 alt\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131p sorumluluktan kurtulaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bas\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermelidir. \u00d6te yandan, bas\u0131n\u0131n toplumu ilgilendiren konularda haber yaparken yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu ara\u015ft\u0131rmakla da g\u00f6revli oldu\u011fu \u015f\u00fcphesizdir.<\/p><p><strong>Yarg\u0131tay 4. Hukuk Dairesi E. 1980\/1302 K. 1980\/3719 T. 21.3.1980:<\/strong> <em>&#8221;&#8230;\u00d6te yandan, gerek uygulamada ve gerekse bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerde oybirli\u011fi ile benimsenen fikre nazaran bir haberin verilmesi, &#8220;o habere konu olan olay\u0131n ele\u015ftirilmesi, yorumlanmas\u0131 ve incelenmesi&#8221; imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsar; yeter ki, bilgi ( haber ) verme ve ele\u015ftirme objektif s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kals\u0131n. O halde, bu a\u015famada yeri gelmi\u015fken bir y\u00f6ne daha de\u011finmek yerinde olacakt\u0131r. Bas\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da k\u0131saca de\u011finilen \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yan\u0131s\u0131ra bir de \u00f6devi vard\u0131r; Bu \u00f6dev, gazetecinin yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6devidir&#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/p><p>Bas\u0131n\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu haberin hukuka uygun olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in aranan bir di\u011fer \u015fart ise haberin kamu yarar\u0131 yani salt toplumun yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun anlam\u0131, bas\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir ki\u015fisel \u00e7\u0131kar g\u00f6zetmeden ve haberin yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet vermeden haber yapm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong>Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu E. 2017\/4-1503 K. 2020\/116 T. 11.2.2020:<\/strong> <em>&#8221;Haberde gerekli, yararl\u0131 ve ilgili olmayan nitelemeler ve yorumlar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, haberin i\u00e7eri\u011fine uygun d\u00fc\u015fmeyen, tahrik edici, kamuoyunda husumet ve ku\u015fku yarat\u0131c\u0131, g\u00fcveni zedeleyici bir \u00fcslubun kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, \u00f6zle bi\u00e7im aras\u0131ndaki denge bozulmu\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu da hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabule imk\u00e2n sa\u011flar. &#8221;<\/em><\/p><p>Ne var ki bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmay\u0131p, yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda Anayasan\u0131n Temel Hak ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 24 ve 25. maddesinde yer alan ve yine \u00f6zel yasalarla g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bulunan ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunulmamas\u0131 da yasal ve hukuki bir zorunluluktur (<strong>Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu E. 2017\/4-1503 K. 2020\/116 T. 11.2.2020).<\/strong><\/p><p>Ki\u015filik hakk\u0131, ki\u015finin maddi ve manevi malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer alan ve devredilemeyen ve vazge\u00e7ilemeyen haklar ve de\u011ferler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eder. \u0130\u015fbu ki\u015filik hakk\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 nedeniyle ihlali sonucunda bas\u0131n\u0131n hukuki sorumlulu\u011funun do\u011fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015filik hakk\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan de\u011fer veya de\u011ferleri ihlal etmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bas\u0131n yoluyla ihlal edilebilecek ki\u015filik de\u011ferlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda, ki\u015finin onur ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zel ya\u015fam alan\u0131 ve giz alan\u0131, isim ve resim \u00fczerindeki hakk\u0131, ki\u015fisel ve mesleki s\u0131rlar\u0131 gibi de\u011ferler gelir.<\/p><p><strong>Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu E. 2017\/4-1503 K. 2020\/116 T. 11.2.2020:<\/strong> <em>&#8221;Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ki\u015filik de\u011ferlerinin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi\u011fi durumlarda; hukuk d\u00fczeninin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan iki de\u011feri ayn\u0131 zamanda koruma alt\u0131na almas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Bu iki de\u011ferden birinin di\u011ferine \u00fcst\u00fcn tutulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, bunun sonucunda da, daha az \u00fcst\u00fcn olan yarar\u0131n daha \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcn tutulmas\u0131 gereken yarar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda o olayda ve o an i\u00e7in korumas\u0131z kalmas\u0131n\u0131n uygunlu\u011fu kabul edilecektir. Bunun i\u00e7in temel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct kamu yarar\u0131d\u0131r. Gerek yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve gerekse g\u00f6rsel bas\u0131n bu i\u015flevini yerine getirirken, \u00f6zellikle yay\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek olmas\u0131n\u0131, kamu yarar\u0131 bulunmas\u0131n\u0131, toplumsal ilginin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, konunun g\u00fcncelli\u011fini g\u00f6zetmeli, haberi verirken \u00f6zle bi\u00e7im aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi de korumal\u0131d\u0131r. Yine bas\u0131n, objektif s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kalmak suretiyle yay\u0131n yapmal\u0131d\u0131r.&#8221;<\/em><\/p><p>Ki\u015filik hakk\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131n yoluyla ihlali neticesinde zarar meydana gelmi\u015fse hak sahibinin TMK m.24 ve 25 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6nleme davas\u0131, tespit davas\u0131, m\u00fcdahalenin men\u2019i (sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n sona erdirilmesi) davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 bulundu\u011fu gibi zarar\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in maddi ve manevi tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ki\u015filik hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmesi bir haks\u0131z fiil te\u015fkil etti\u011finden tazminat davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in TBK m.49 ve devam\u0131ndaki \u015fartlar\u0131n mevcudiyeti gerekmektedir. Bu \u015fartlar; bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015filik hakk\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan de\u011fer veya de\u011ferleri ihlal edecek bir fiil te\u015fkil etmesi, bu fiilin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131, ki\u015filik hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eden fiil sonucu bir zarar do\u011fmu\u015f olmas\u0131 veya en az\u0131ndan bir zarar tehlikesinin olmas\u0131 \u2013bu zarar maddi veya manevi olabilece\u011fi gibi genellikle manevi zarar olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar- ve bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan zarar aras\u0131nda uygun illiyet ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bas\u0131n yoluyla ki\u015fisel de\u011ferlere y\u00f6nelmi\u015f olan bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespitinde sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunan ki\u015finin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karan bir hukuka uygunluk sebebi (g\u00f6revin ifas\u0131, me\u015fru savunma, hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, ilgilinin r\u0131zas\u0131\u2026) olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca belirtmekte fayda vard\u0131r ki, olaylar\u0131n normal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na ve genel hayat tecr\u00fcbelerine g\u00f6re bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n somut olayda meydana gelen zarar\u0131 do\u011furmaya elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu tespit edilirse uygun illiyet ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. TBK m.49 vd. h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde de belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi i\u00e7in kusurun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aranmaktad\u0131r. Zira, haber yapan bas\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu kusur sorumlulu\u011fu oldu\u011fundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi i\u00e7in somut olayda bas\u0131n\u0131n kusuru aranacakt\u0131r. 5187 say\u0131l\u0131 Bas\u0131n Kanunun 14. maddesi ile bas\u0131n\u0131n cevap ve d\u00fczeltme yaz\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6nderebilece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015f olsa da cevap ve d\u00fczeltme yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f ve hatta yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 hukuk ve ceza davalar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na engel de\u011fildir.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>10.09.2021<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><em>Ecem \u00d6ZG\u00dcL<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Stajyer<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PR \u2013 M \u2013 0011 21.08.2021 Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Anayasan\u0131n 28. maddesiyle 5187 Say\u0131l\u0131 Bas\u0131n Yasas\u0131n\u0131n 1. ve 3. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemelerde bas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrce yay\u0131n yapmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bas\u0131na sa\u011flanan g\u00fcvencenin amac\u0131; toplumun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, mutlu ve g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayabilmesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektir. Bu durum da halk\u0131n d\u00fcnyada ve \u00f6zellikle i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumda meydana gelen ve [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":77935,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ub_ctt_via":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[319,320],"tags":[321],"class_list":["post-162620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-ar-2","category-makaleler-ar","tag-etiket-ar-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/MAKALELER.png","author_info":{"display_name":"Ecem \u00d6ZG\u00dcL","author_link":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/author\/ecemozgul\/"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162620"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162620\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}