{"id":162635,"date":"2021-07-25T11:28:01","date_gmt":"2021-07-25T11:28:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/baglanma-parasi-kapora-veya-pey-akcesi-2\/"},"modified":"2021-07-25T11:28:01","modified_gmt":"2021-07-25T11:28:01","slug":"baglanma-parasi-kapora-veya-pey-akcesi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/baglanma-parasi-kapora-veya-pey-akcesi-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Ba\u011flanma Paras\u0131 (Kapora veya Pey Ak\u00e7esi)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"162635\" class=\"elementor elementor-162635 elementor-55493\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-834e74a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"834e74a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f4e59 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"16f4e59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0d92cd exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0d92cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>PR \u2013 M \u2013 009<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f46cb69 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f46cb69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ba\u011flanma Paras\u0131 (Kapora) Nedir?<\/strong><\/p><p>Ba\u011flanma paras\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulurken taraflardan birinin di\u011fer tarafa s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na kan\u0131t olarak verilmi\u015f say\u0131lan bir miktar para olup TBK m.177\u2019de d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p><strong>Kaporan\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri<\/strong><\/p><p>Yukar\u0131da verilen tan\u0131m\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, kapora taraflar aras\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011funa kan\u0131t olu\u015fturur ve bu durum kaporay\u0131 veren taraf a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ispat kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. Zira kaporan\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011funa dair kan\u0131t olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, TBK m.177\/1\u2019de zikredilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulurken taraflardan birinin di\u011fer tarafa vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu bir miktar para, e\u011fer aksine bir anla\u015fma yoksa kapora say\u0131l\u0131r. Taraflarca aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a yahut aksine bir yerel adet bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011funa dair kan\u0131t niteli\u011finde olan ba\u011flanma paras\u0131 esas alacaktan d\u00fc\u015fecektir. Bu husus TBK m.177\/2\u2019de de h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Ba\u011flanma paras\u0131, asli alacak hakk\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fleten veya g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alan ve asli haklara ba\u011fl\u0131 hak anlam\u0131na gelen fer\u2019i bir hakt\u0131r. Fer\u2019i hakk\u0131n mevcut ve ge\u00e7erli olabilmesi i\u00e7in fer\u2019i hakk\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu asli hakk\u0131n da ge\u00e7erli ve mevcut olmas\u0131 gerekir. Yani asli hak mevcutsa feri hak da mevcut olur, asli hak son bulursa feri hak da son bulur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, mevcut ve ge\u00e7erli bir kaporadan bahsedebilmek i\u00e7in kaporan\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131 olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin de mevcut ve ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7ersiz hale gelmesi durumunda kaporay\u0131 alan taraf\u0131n alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu miktar\u0131 TBK m.77 vd.da d\u00fczenlenen sebepsiz zenginle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde iade etmesi gerekecektir. Ayr\u0131ca s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraflarca anla\u015f\u0131lmak suretiyle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde dahi kaporan\u0131n istenebilece\u011finin unutulmamas\u0131 gerekir. Zira Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n da bu y\u00f6nde istikrar kazanm\u0131\u015f i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 mevcuttur.<\/p><p><strong>Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu E. 2008\/19-398 K. 2008\/407 T. 28.5.2008:<\/strong><em>\u2018\u2018Tellal, sat\u0131\u015flarda veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde para mukabili arac\u0131l\u0131k yapan ki\u015fidir. Tellal hakk\u0131nda genel olarak vek\u00e2let h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r. Tellall\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kural olarak \u015fekle tabi olmamakla birlikte, gayrimenkul tellall\u0131\u011f\u0131 akdi, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7erli olmaz, ( BK. m. 404 ) Bu \u015fekilde yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmayan<strong> ge\u00e7ersiz bir gayrimenkul tellall\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine dayal\u0131 olarak verilen\u00a0kaporan\u0131n, sebepsiz zenginle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine\u00a0g\u00f6re geri istenilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/strong> Ge\u00e7erlilik ko\u015fulunu mahkemenin kendili\u011finden g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutmas\u0131 gerekir.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p><p><strong>Yarg\u0131tay 13. Hukuk Dairesi E. 2016\/26142 K. 2019\/11179 T. 12.11.2019:<\/strong><em>\u2018\u2018Davac\u0131, al\u0131m sat\u0131m protokol\u00fc gere\u011fince verilen\u00a0kaporan\u0131n, iadesi\u00a0istemi ile ba\u015flat\u0131lan takibe vaki itiraz\u0131n iptali istemi ile eldeki davay\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daval\u0131lardan &#8230;, Tasfiye Halinde &#8230; Gayrimenkul Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k Paz. Ltd. \u015eti.&#8217;nin hem m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc hem de tasfiye sorumlusu oldu\u011funu, bu nedenle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi \u015firketi temsilen imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek davan\u0131n reddini talep etmi\u015ftir. Daval\u0131 \u015firket ise, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n sat\u0131\u015fa haz\u0131r halde oldu\u011funun davac\u0131ya bildirildi\u011fini ancak, davac\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 almaktan vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini bu nedenle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye g\u00f6re vazge\u00e7me halinde kaporay\u0131 geri alamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek davan\u0131n reddini talep etmi\u015ftir. Mahkemece, daval\u0131 &#8230;&#8217;\u00fcn s\u00f6zle\u015fmede taraf olmamas\u0131 ve \u015firket ad\u0131na s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi imzalamas\u0131 nedeni ile davan\u0131n bu daval\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan husumet nedeni ile reddine; davac\u0131 \u015firketin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lara intikalinden \u00f6nce sat\u0131\u015fa haz\u0131r hale getirdi\u011fini davac\u0131ya bildirmesine ra\u011fmen, davac\u0131 taraf\u0131n son yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kredi ba\u015fvurusunu iptal ettirdi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esi ile Tasfiye Halinde &#8230; Gayrimenkul Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k Paz. Ltd. \u015eti. a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan davan\u0131n esastan reddine karar verilmi\u015f ise de; taraflar aras\u0131ndaki al\u0131m sat\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine konu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tapulu oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Tapulu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zle\u015fme, resmi bi\u00e7imde yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hukuken ge\u00e7ersizdir. Tellall\u0131k \u00fccreti y\u00f6n\u00fcnden s\u00f6zle\u015fme ge\u00e7erli ise de bu davan\u0131n konusu de\u011fildir. Ge\u00e7ersiz s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye g\u00f6re taraflar\u0131n verdiklerini, haks\u0131z iktisap kurallar\u0131 gere\u011fince geri isteyebilece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilerek taraflar\u0131n ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 birbirlerine iade etmesine h\u00fckmedilmesi gerekirken, yan\u0131lg\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7e ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde karar verilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup, bozma nedenidir.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p><p><strong>Kaporan\u0131n Ba\u011fl\u0131 Oldu\u011fu S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin Hi\u00e7 veya Gere\u011fi Gibi \u0130fa Edilmemesi Durumu<\/strong><\/p><p>Burada kaporay\u0131 alan taraf ve veren taraf aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131m yapmak gerekecektir.<\/p><p>Kaporay\u0131 alan taraf\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin hi\u00e7 veya gere\u011fi gibi ifa edilmemesinde kusuru var ise kaporan\u0131n iadesiyle birlikte kaporay\u0131 veren taraf\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ifa edilmemesinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc u\u011fram\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu zarar\u0131 da tazmin etmesi gerekecektir. \u015eayet kusuru yok ise sadece alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kaporay\u0131 iade edecektir.<\/p><p>Kaporay\u0131 veren taraf\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin hi\u00e7 veya gere\u011fi gibi ifa edilmemesinde kusuru var ise Yarg\u0131tay kaporay\u0131 alan taraf\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin hi\u00e7 ya da gere\u011fi gibi ifade edilmemesi sebebiyle u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar sonucu tazminat hakk\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, tazminat hakk\u0131 kadarki kaporay\u0131 al\u0131koyabilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir.<\/p><p><strong>Kapora \u0130le Cayma Paras\u0131 Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar<\/strong><\/p><p>Kapora TBK m.177\u2019de, cayma paras\u0131 TBK m.178\u2019de d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Yukar\u0131da izah edildi\u011fi \u00fczere, kapora taraflardan birinin di\u011fer tarafa s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011funa kan\u0131t niteli\u011finde olan bir miktar para vermesidir. Cayma paras\u0131 ise belirli bir miktar \u00f6denmesi ko\u015fuluyla s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin her iki taraf\u0131na da s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir imk\u00e2nd\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, kapora taraflardan birine tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir imk\u00e2n iken cayma paras\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin her iki taraf\u0131na da tan\u0131nan bir hakt\u0131r. Cayma paras\u0131 veren taraf s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nerse belirlenen tutar\u0131 \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olur; cayma paras\u0131n\u0131 alan taraf\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nmesi halinde ise cayma paras\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer tarafa \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olur (TBK m.178). Oysaki kaporada b\u00f6yle bir durum s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, cayma paras\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6n\u00fclmesi halinde geri al\u0131namaz iken kapora iade edilir.<\/p><p>Kapora ile cayma paras\u0131n\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131ran di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli nokta ise kaporan\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulurken verilmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k cayma paras\u0131n\u0131n ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin asli edimleri ifa edilmeden kullan\u0131labilir olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>25.07.2021<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong><em>Ecem \u00d6ZG\u00dcL<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Stajyer<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PR \u2013 M \u2013 009 Ba\u011flanma Paras\u0131 (Kapora) Nedir? Ba\u011flanma paras\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulurken taraflardan birinin di\u011fer tarafa s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na kan\u0131t olarak verilmi\u015f say\u0131lan bir miktar para olup TBK m.177\u2019de d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Kaporan\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri Yukar\u0131da verilen tan\u0131m\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, kapora taraflar aras\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011funa kan\u0131t olu\u015fturur ve bu durum kaporay\u0131 veren taraf a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ispat kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":77935,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ub_ctt_via":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[319,320],"tags":[321],"class_list":["post-162635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-ar-2","category-makaleler-ar","tag-etiket-ar-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/MAKALELER.png","author_info":{"display_name":"Ecem \u00d6ZG\u00dcL","author_link":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/author\/ecemozgul\/"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162635","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162635"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162635\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162635"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162635"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162635"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}