{"id":162653,"date":"2015-03-05T09:48:55","date_gmt":"2015-03-05T09:48:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/yabancilarin-turkiye-de-tasinmaz-mal-edinmesi\/"},"modified":"2015-03-05T09:48:55","modified_gmt":"2015-03-05T09:48:55","slug":"yabancilarin-turkiye-de-tasinmaz-mal-edinmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/yabancilarin-turkiye-de-tasinmaz-mal-edinmesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz Mal Edinmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"162653\" class=\"elementor elementor-162653 elementor-55450\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-834e74a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"834e74a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f4e59 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"16f4e59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0d92cd exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0d92cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>PR \u2013 M \u2013 003<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f46cb69 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f46cb69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><em> <\/em><em>Giri\u015f: <\/em><\/li><\/ul><p>Yabanc\u0131, doktrindeki hakim tan\u0131mlamaya g\u00f6re ilgili \u00fclkeye(bulunulan devlet \u00fclkesi) kar\u015f\u0131 vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan ve o ba\u011f\u0131 halen iddiaya hakk\u0131 olmayan kimsedir. Yabanc\u0131lara hak tan\u0131nmas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda devletler bir yandan insan haklar\u0131 noktas\u0131ndaki olumlu geli\u015fmelere do\u011fru y\u00f6nelirken di\u011fer taraftan ulusal egemenli\u011fe yap\u0131lan vurgu ile kendi menfaatlerini korumak istemektedirler. Yabanc\u0131lara tan\u0131nan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri \u00fc\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda irdelemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: Siyasi haklar, kamusal haklar ve \u00f6zel haklar. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u2018yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmesi\u2019 mefhumu \u00f6zel haklar stat\u00fcs\u00fcne girmektedir.<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinimine ba\u015flamadan gerekmektedir ki e\u015fya hukukunun da konusuna giren mefhum Medeni Kanun\u2019un 8.maddesi [m.8\/1 Her insan\u0131n hak ehliyeti vard\u0131r. m.8\/2 Buna g\u00f6re b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar, hukuk d\u00fczeninin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, haklara ve bor\u00e7lara ehil olmada e\u015fittirler.] uyar\u0131nca \u00f6zel hukuktan do\u011fan haklardan yabanc\u0131lar e\u015fitlik ve genellik esas\u0131nda yararlanmaktad\u0131r. Tekrar belirtmekte de fayda vard\u0131r ki Anayasa 16.maddeye g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri milletleraras\u0131 hukuka uygun olarak ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinimi Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde yabanc\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tanzimat\u2019tan bu yana hukuki metinlerde daha sarih d\u00fczenlemelere konu olmu\u015ftur. Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinimi bu minvalde \u00f6ncelikle tarihi geli\u015fim \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ard\u0131ndan mevcut durum hukukumuzdaki d\u00fczenlemelere uygun olarak ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ta\u015f\u0131maz mal edinimi olarak ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p><ul><li><em> <\/em><em>Tarihi Geli\u015fim:<\/em><\/li><\/ul><p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde yabanc\u0131 tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 Tanzimat \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde yabanc\u0131 denildi\u011fi zaman \u201charbi\u201d ya da \u201cm\u00fcstemen\u201d ad\u0131 verilen gayrim\u00fcslimler manas\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131 (ecnebi) kelimesi Tanzimat sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131 hukukuna da girmi\u015ftir. Tanzimat sonras\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 (ecnebi) kelimesi, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olup olmamas\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 tebaas\u0131ndan olmayan herkes i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmakla beraber \u201cm\u00fcstemen\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de zaman zaman yabanc\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile beraber kullan\u0131lmaya devam edilmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmesi 8 Haziran 1968\u2019de \u201cTebaa-y\u0131 Ecnebiyenin Emlaki Mutasarr\u0131f Olmalar\u0131 Hakk\u0131ndaki Kanun\u201dun kabul\u00fc ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelmi\u015ftir. Daha \u00f6ncesinde yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti mal edinme hakk\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7bir kapit\u00fclasyondan yararlanmadan \u00e7\u0131kacak uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda Osmanl\u0131 mahkemelerinde Osmanl\u0131 kanunlar\u0131na uygun olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak vermi\u015ftir. Yine yabanc\u0131n\u0131n tabiiyetinin bulundu\u011fu devletin ilgili kanunun ek protokol\u00fcn\u00fc imzalam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla bu haktan yararlanman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p><p>Mevzu bahis d\u00fczenlemeler Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na kadar devam etmi\u015f, Lozan\u2019\u0131n eki olan &#8220;\u0130kamet ve Salahiyeti Hakk\u0131nda Mukavelename\u201dnin 3.maddesinde imzalayan devletlerin tabiiyetine mensup yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal edinimine m\u00fcsaade edildi\u011fi gibi s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en ekin 1.maddesinde de di\u011fer maddelerin m\u00fctekabiliyet \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ard\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulan 18 Mart 1924 tarih 422s. K\u00f6y Kanunu 87.maddesinde \u00a0yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00f6ylerde arazi ve emlak almas\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Akabinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Tapu Kanunu\u2019nun 35.maddesi ise kanun ile getirilmi\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara uymak ve m\u00fctekabiliyet \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak kayd\u0131yla Lozan\u2019a taraf devletler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan devlet vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal ediniminin \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>Tapu Kanunu\u2019nun 35.maddesi yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmesi noktas\u0131nda 21.06.1984 Tarih\/3029s., 22.04.1986 Tarih\/3278s. ve 3.07.2003 Tarih\/4916s. yasalar ile 3 kez de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f 1984 ve 1986\u2019da yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikte m\u00fctekabiliyet esas\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, hangi devletlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fctekabiliyetin kald\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019nun yetkisine verilmi\u015ftir. Anayasa Mahkemesi ise her \u00fc\u00e7 kanun de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini de iptal etmi\u015ftir. (AMK, E. 1984\/14, K. 1985\/7, K. T. 13.6.1985; 6 AMK, E. 1986\/18, K. 1986\/24, K. T. 9.10.1986; AMK, 14.03.2005, E. 2003\/70, K. 2005\/14). 1984 ve 1986\u2019da yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Anayasa Mahkemesi, devletin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn tehdit alt\u0131na girmesi, egemenli\u011fin tahsis edilmesinde ya\u015fanacak sorunlar ve g\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesinin ihlali sebepleriyle kanun de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini iptal etmi\u015ftir. 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik ise daha farkl\u0131 bir boyut ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki;<\/p><ol><li>Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmak ve kanun\u00ee s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uyulmak kayd\u0131yla,<\/li><li>Yabanc\u0131 uyruklu ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer,<\/li><li>Yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bu \u00fclkelerin kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re kurulan t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip ticaret \u015firketleri, T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinebileceklerdir.<\/li><li>Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesinin uygulanmas\u0131nda,<\/li><li>Yabanc\u0131 devletin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz ediniminde kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131na, veya,<\/li><li>Yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bu \u00fclkelerin kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re kurulan t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip ticaret \u015firketlerine tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015flar\u0131na veya ticaret \u015firketlerine de tan\u0131nmas\u0131 esas olacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li>T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ile aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k olmayan devlet vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n,<\/li><li>Kanun\u00ee miras yoluyla edindikleri ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar ile,<\/li><li>Kanun\u00ee k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara tabi alanlardaki ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n\u0131n, intikal i\u015flemleri yap\u0131larak tasfiye edilecek ve bedele \u00e7evrilecektir.<\/li><li>Yabanc\u0131 uyruklu ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer ile yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bu \u00fclkelerin kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re kurulan t\u00fczelki\u015fili\u011fe sahip ticaret \u015firketlerinin otuz hektardan fazla ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinebilmesi, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019nun iznine tabi olacakt\u0131r. Ancak kanun\u00ee miras yoluyla intikal eden ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar i\u00e7in bu h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulanmayacakt\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131 uyruklu ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerin, kanun\u00ee miras d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcme ba\u011fl\u0131 tasarruflar yoluyla otuz hektardan fazla ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinebilmesi de Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019nun iznine ba\u011fl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u0130zin verilmez ise, fazla miktar tasfiye edilerek, bedele \u00e7evrilecektir.<\/li><li>Yabanc\u0131 uyruklu ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer ile yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bu \u00fclkelerin kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re kurulan t\u00fczelki\u015fili\u011fe sahip ticaret \u015firketleri lehine, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayn\u00ee hak tesis edilmesi halinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n aranmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><li>Kamu yarar\u0131 ve \u00fclke g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, bu maddenin uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131 yerleri belirlemeye Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019nun yetkili oldu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li><\/ol><p>B\u00f6ylece 4916 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa ile yap\u0131lan yeni d\u00fczenleme ile, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmak ve yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uyulmak \u015fart\u0131yla, yabanc\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filere ve yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bu \u00fclkelerin kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re kurulan t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip ticaret \u015firketlerine, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinme olana\u011f\u0131 getirilmi\u015f, yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar aras\u0131nda bulunan 442 say\u0131l\u0131 K\u00f6y Kanunu\u2019nun 87. maddesinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile k\u00f6yler yabanc\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer ile yabanc\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip ticaret \u015firketlerinin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinimlerine a\u00e7\u0131k hale getirilmi\u015f, ayr\u0131ca 2644 say\u0131l\u0131 Tapu Kanunu\u2019nun m\u00fclga 36. maddesinde yer alan h\u00fck\u00fcmler 35. maddeye eklenerek bu madde yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, ancak 2565 say\u0131l\u0131 Asker\u00ee Yasak B\u00f6lgeler ve G\u00fcvenlik B\u00f6lgeleri Kanunu\u2019nda herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131 olan ve asl\u0131nda kanuni s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k esaslar\u0131na riayet eden bu yasal d\u00fczenlemeyi ise Anayasa Mahkemesi 14.03.2005 Tarih E. 2003\/70, K. 2005\/14 Nolu karar\u0131nda \u201c\u2026Oysa, hukuk devletinin yukarda belirtilen i\u015flevlerinin ya\u015fama ge\u00e7irilebilmesi i\u00e7in, \u00fclkenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, co\u011frafi \u00f6zellikleri, stratejik konumu ve \u00f6ncelikleri g\u00f6zetilerek yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n yeri, arazi, arsa veya bina olmas\u0131n\u0131n getirece\u011fi farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ile sat\u0131n alman\u0131n amac\u0131, ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve devirde uyulacak usul ve esaslar gibi hususlar\u0131n yasada belirtilmesi gerekir. Yasalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k, anla\u015f\u0131labilir ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirli kurallar i\u00e7ermesi gere\u011finin hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011finin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6n ko\u015ful kabul edildi\u011fi hukuk devleti anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na da ters d\u00fc\u015fer.\u201d diyerek iptal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p><p>Son iptal karar\u0131 \u00fczerine 03.07.2008 Tarih ve 5782s. \u201cTapu Kanunda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u201d ile Tapu Kanunun m.35\/7 ve 8. f\u0131kralar\u0131 ile 03.05.2012 Tarih ve 6302s. Kanun ile Tapu Kanunun 35 ve 36.maddeleri yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p><ul><li><em> <\/em><em>Mevcut Durum:<\/em><\/li><li><strong> <\/strong><strong>Ger\u00e7ek Ki\u015filer Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan:<\/strong> Yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan kanun de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri itibariyle mevcut durum ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 ki\u015filerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinimini \u2018kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 ve \u2018kanuni s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uyma\u2019 kriterlerine ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekteyiz.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><p><\/p><p>Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi Tapu Kanunu\u2019nun ilk kez y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 1934 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana kanunda yerini korumaya devam etmi\u015ftir. Kanun koyucu m\u00fclga 5444s. Tapu Kanunun m.35\/6 da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesine \u015fu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klama getirmi\u015ftir: \u201c<em>Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tespitinde hukuki ve fiili durum esas al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu ilkenin ki\u015filere toprak m\u00fclkiyeti hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fclke uyruklar\u0131na uygulanmas\u0131nda, yabanc\u0131 devletin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz ediniminde kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131na tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015flar\u0131na da tan\u0131nmas\u0131 esast\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p><p>Belirlemede \u00f6ncelikle hukuki ve fiili durumun esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Yani hem bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dayal\u0131 hak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 hem de fiili kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yani uygulamada yabanc\u0131n\u0131n vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu devletin idaresinin bunu uyguluyor olmas\u0131 esas\u0131 birlikte aranacakt\u0131r. Ek olarak toprak m\u00fclkiyeti hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmasa da di\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n(bina, kat m\u00fclkiyeti vs.) edinimi noktas\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131 devletin kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131na tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar\u0131 T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131na da tan\u0131mas\u0131 beklenmektedir. Bu haklardan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fit olarak yararland\u0131ran devlet vatanda\u015flar\u0131na toprak m\u00fclkiyetinden de yararlanma hakk\u0131 verilecektir.<\/p><p>Lakin yap\u0131lan son de\u011fi\u015fiklikle Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesini g\u00f6zetmeksizin <em>\u2018uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ve \u00fclke menfaatlerinin gerektirdi\u011fi hallerde\u2019 <\/em>belirlenen \u00fclke vatanda\u015flar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmaz m\u00fclkiyeti ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak edinme imkan\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca yine 35.maddeye 3.f\u0131kraya g\u00f6re g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmesi Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131yla \u00fclke, ki\u015fi, co\u011frafi b\u00f6lge, s\u00fcre, say\u0131, oran, t\u00fcr, nitelik ve miktar olarak belirlenebilir, s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilir, k\u0131smen veya tamamen durdurulabilir ya da yasaklanabilmektedir.<\/p><p>\u0130kinci k\u0131stasa bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ise kanuni s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uya k\u0131stas\u0131d\u0131r. m.35 f.1 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re ilk kanuni s\u0131n\u0131rlama y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan getirilmektedir. \u00d6yle ki, ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar yahut bunlar\u0131n \u00fczerine kurulacak s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni haklar\u0131n toplam alan\u0131, (1) \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete konu olan il\u00e7e y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn %10\u2019unu (2)ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na ise \u00fclke genelinde 30 hektar\u0131 ge\u00e7memelidir. Daha \u00f6nce 5782s. Kanunla getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlamalarda y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ancak 2,5 hektar olabilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra f.4\u2019e g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131 yapmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirdikleri projeyi ilgili bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n(Tapu ve Kadastro M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) onay\u0131na iki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde sunmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Projenin ba\u015flama ve biti\u015f tarihleri belirlenerek onaylanmas\u0131 halinde tapu siciline kaydedilmek \u00fczere ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu tapu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmektedir. Projenin s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131n takibi ilgili bakanl\u0131ktad\u0131r. f.6\u2019ya g\u00f6re Tamamlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nca tasfiye edilmek \u00fczere 1 y\u0131la kadar bir s\u00fcre verilecek, s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde tasfiye edilmeyen ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tasfiyesi Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nca yap\u0131lacak ve bedeli hak sahibine \u00f6denecektir.<\/p><p>Di\u011fer bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u201cAskeri Yasak B\u00f6lgeler ve G\u00fcvenlik B\u00f6lgeleri Kanunu\u201d na g\u00f6re getirilmi\u015ftir. m.7\/1-a ve c h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re birinci dereceden askeri yasak b\u00f6lgelerde bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakta ve yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n buralara ge\u00e7ici dahi olsa girmeleri ve oturmalar\u0131 Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iznine tabi tutulmaktad\u0131r. m.9\/b h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re ikinci dereceden askeri yasak b\u00f6lgelerde yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmesi yasakt\u0131r ve bu b\u00f6lgelerde yabanc\u0131lara ait ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n tasfiyesine ili\u015fkin karar verme yetkisi Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. m.9\/c h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re ise yabanc\u0131lar bu b\u00f6lgelere girememekte, bu b\u00f6lgelerde oturamamakta, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamakta ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kiralayamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p><\/p><p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a02007\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 5580s. \u00d6zel \u00d6\u011fretim Kurumlar\u0131 Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re yabanc\u0131 okullar, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019nun izniyle yeni arazi edinebilmekte ve kapasitelerini en fazla be\u015f misline kadar \u00e7\u0131karabilmektedirler. Ayn\u0131 arazi \u00fczerinde ise yine bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n iznine tabi olarak \u00f6\u011frenci, bina ve donan\u0131m kapasitelerini bir kat art\u0131rabilmektedirler. Bunlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 okullar\u0131n yeni bina edinmesi, \u015fube a\u00e7mas\u0131, m\u00fclk kiralamalar\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Son olarak Mukabele-i Bismil Kanunu m.1 <em>\u201cidari kararlarla yahut istisnai kanunlarla T\u00fcrklerin m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen veya tamamen k\u0131s\u0131tlayan devletlerin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flem tedbiri olarak k\u0131smen veya tamamen k\u0131s\u0131tlanabilir ve menkul ve gayri menkullerine el konabilir.\u201d<\/em> demektedir.<\/p><ul><li><strong> <\/strong><strong>T\u00fczel Ki\u015filer Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan: <\/strong>Tapu Kanunu ilk \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda yabac\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmesine izin vermemi\u015ftir. Ard\u0131ndan 5444 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla 35.maddede yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikte yabanc\u0131 uyruklu t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin ancak \u00f6zel kanunlarla ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal ve bunlar \u00fczerinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak edinebilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. 6302 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla getirilen de\u011fi\u015fiklikle de bu d\u00fczenleme aynen korunmu\u015ftur.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p>Kanun \u00f6ncelikle yabanc\u0131 uyruklu say\u0131lacak t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re kurulmu\u015f t\u00fczel ki\u015filikler oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. \u0130kinci olarak t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin ancak \u00f6zel kanunlarla d\u00fczenlenen haklardan yararlanarak ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinebilece\u011fini ve bunlar \u00fczerinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni hak kurabilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylerken, rehin hakk\u0131n\u0131 bunlardan ayr\u0131 tutarak rehin hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ile yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n e\u015fit ko\u015fullardan faydalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tabi ki, yabanc\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de mal edinmesine y\u00f6nelik m\u00fctekabiliyet ve kanuni s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara uyma yukar\u0131da ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer i\u00e7in say\u0131lan k\u0131staslara tabidir.<\/p><p>Yabanc\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ticari faaliyetlerini art\u0131rmak ad\u0131na \u00d6zelle\u015ftirme Kanunu, Maden Kanunu, T\u00fcrk Petrol Kanunu, Turizmi Te\u015fvik Kanunu, Do\u011frudan Yabanc\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar Kanunu, Baz\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m ve Hizmetlerin Yap-\u0130\u015flet-Devret Modeli \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde Yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun, Milli Parklar Kanunu, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve Giri\u015fimlerini Te\u015fvik Kanunu, Petrol\u00fcn Boru Hatlar\u0131 ve Transit Ge\u00e7i\u015fine Dair Kanun, Elektrik Piyasas\u0131 Kanunu, Bankalar Kanunu, End\u00fcstri B\u00f6lgeleri Kanunu ve Petrol Piyasas\u0131 Kanunlar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal ediniminin kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00a0<\/p><p>Son olarak \u00f6zellikle internet \u00fczerinden devlet\u00e7e yap\u0131lan hukuki ve fiili bilgilendirmeler ile ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal iktisab\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgi, belge ve ba\u015fvurular\u0131n internet \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131yla kolayla\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>2015<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><em>Mesut \u00d6ZDEM\u0130R<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Avukat\/Kurucu<\/em><\/p><p><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u00c7i\u00e7ekli, B\u00fclent, Yabanc\u0131lar ve M\u00fclteciler Hukuku, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, Ankara, 5. Bask\u0131, 2014<\/li><li>Mutlu, Levent, Yabanc\u0131 Ki\u015filerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Mal Edinimi Y\u00f6n\u00fcne Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkiye, TBB Dergisi, s.59, 2005, ss.264-309<\/li><li>Yavuz, A. &amp; Bay\u0131k C. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz Mal Edinim Politikas\u0131 ve Endi\u015feler, TMMOB Harita ve Kadastro M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 11. T\u00fcrkiye Harita Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultay\u0131 2 \u2013 6 Nisan 2007, Ankara<\/li><li>Uzun B. &amp; Yomral\u0131o\u011flu T. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz Mal Edinimi: Arazi Y\u00f6netimi Ba\u011flam\u0131nda Bir \u0130nceleme, TMMOB Harita ve Kadastro M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 11. T\u00fcrkiye Harita Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultay\u0131 2 \u2013 6 Nisan 2007, Ankara<\/li><li>\u00d6zcan, Selim, Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz Mal M\u00fclkiyeti Edinmesi: Amasya \u00d6rne\u011fi, History Studies, Vol. 2\/2, 2010<\/li><li>Tapu ve Kadastro Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Resmi \u0130nternet Sitesi, Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz Mal Edinimi Sayfas\u0131: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tkgm.gov.tr\/tr\/icerik\/yabancilarin-tasinmaz-edinim-rehberi\">http:\/\/www.tkgm.gov.tr\/tr\/icerik\/yabancilarin-tasinmaz-edinim-rehberi<\/a> , Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 18.11.2015<\/li><li>D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Resmi \u0130nternet Sayfas\u0131, Yabanc\u0131lar \u0130\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz Sat\u0131n Alma Rehberi Sayfas\u0131: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/yabancilar-icin-rehber.tr.mfa\">http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/yabancilar-icin-rehber.tr.mfa<\/a> , Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 18.11.2015<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PR \u2013 M \u2013 003 Giri\u015f: Yabanc\u0131, doktrindeki hakim tan\u0131mlamaya g\u00f6re ilgili \u00fclkeye(bulunulan devlet \u00fclkesi) kar\u015f\u0131 vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan ve o ba\u011f\u0131 halen iddiaya hakk\u0131 olmayan kimsedir. Yabanc\u0131lara hak tan\u0131nmas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda devletler bir yandan insan haklar\u0131 noktas\u0131ndaki olumlu geli\u015fmelere do\u011fru y\u00f6nelirken di\u011fer taraftan ulusal egemenli\u011fe yap\u0131lan vurgu ile kendi menfaatlerini korumak istemektedirler. Yabanc\u0131lara [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":77935,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ub_ctt_via":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[319,320],"tags":[321],"class_list":["post-162653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-ar-2","category-makaleler-ar","tag-etiket-ar-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/MAKALELER.png","author_info":{"display_name":"Mesut \u00d6ZDEM\u0130R","author_link":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/author\/mesutozdemir\/"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162653","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162653"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162653\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162653"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162653"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}