{"id":162561,"date":"2024-02-01T23:08:34","date_gmt":"2024-02-01T23:08:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/genelgenin-normlar-hiyerarsisindeki-yeri\/"},"modified":"2024-02-01T23:08:34","modified_gmt":"2024-02-01T23:08:34","slug":"genelgenin-normlar-hiyerarsisindeki-yeri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/en\/genelgenin-normlar-hiyerarsisindeki-yeri\/","title":{"rendered":"Genelgenin Normlar Hiyerar\u015fisindeki Yeri"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"162561\" class=\"elementor elementor-162561 elementor-55728\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-834e74a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"834e74a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f4e59 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"16f4e59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0d92cd exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0d92cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>PR \u2013 M &#8211; 035<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2bfc1c exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2bfc1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddetle m\u00fccadele kapsam\u0131nda 25 Kas\u0131mda yay\u0131mlanan 2023\/16 say\u0131l\u0131 genelgenin 6. Maddesinde; <em>\u201cKad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddetle m\u00fccadele alan\u0131nda <u>kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131<\/u> politikalar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesine temel olu\u015fturacak ve uluslararas\u0131 standartlarda istatistik \u00fcretilmesine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flayacak verilerin elde edilmesi amac\u0131yla n\u00fcfus temelli saha ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir.\u201d <\/em>\u015eeklinde d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>6284 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ailenin Korunmas\u0131 ve Kad\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 \u015eiddetin \u00d6nlenmesine Dair Kanuna \u0130li\u015fkin Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 6. Maddesinde; <em>\u201cKanun kapsam\u0131nda korunan ki\u015filerle ilgili olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tedbirlerden birine, birka\u00e7\u0131na veya uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclecek benzer tedbirlere delil veya belge aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n m\u00fclk\u00ee amir taraf\u0131ndan ilgilinin talebi, Bakanl\u0131k veya kolluk g\u00f6revlilerinin ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine ya da resen karar verilebilir:\u201d<\/em><\/p><p>Y\u00f6netmelik maddesinde delil veya belge aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n ibaresi bulunurken; 25 Kas\u0131m 2023 tarihli genelgede bu ibare yerine kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 politikalar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ibaresi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k, genelge ile y\u00f6netmelik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015ftirilip de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyece\u011fi noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re; Y\u00f6netmelik Anayasadan kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 almakta olup, Anayasada \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen ads\u0131z d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerden \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Az\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re ise bu hiyerar\u015fi ayn\u0131 organdan \u00e7\u0131kan y\u00f6netmelik ile ads\u0131z d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flem aras\u0131nda vard\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu ise 6284 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun uygulama y\u00f6netmeli\u011fini yay\u0131nlayan Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u0131 yoksa genelgeyi yay\u0131nlayan Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011fudur.<\/p><p>\u00d6ncelikle \u0130dare hukukunda \u201cgenelge\u201d hiyerar\u015fik amirlerin, \u00f6zellikle bakanlar\u0131n, astlar\u0131na, onlar\u0131n uygulamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131 kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin yorumlanmas\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131 konusunda verdikleri emir ve talimatlard\u0131r.<\/p><p>Kemal G\u00f6zler\u2019in 14.05.2021 tarihli Hukukta \u015eeklin \u00d6nemi \u00dczerine adl\u0131 makalesinde genelgelerin normlar hiyerar\u015fisindeki yeri \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur. G\u00f6zler\u2019e g\u00f6re; Genelgeler de y\u00f6netmelikler gibi genel ve soyut niteliktedirler. Ancak y\u00f6netmeliklerden farkl\u0131 olarak, genelge ile yeni bir kural konulamamas\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim kanunlarda bulunan kurallara genelge ile yeni bir ekleme yap\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. Genelgenin esas amac\u0131; mevcut kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini a\u00e7\u0131klamak, yorumlamak ve nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermekten ibarettir. K\u0131sacas\u0131 \u201cgenelge\u201d, bir bakan\u0131n kendi personeline verdi\u011fi bir emirdir. Genelgelere vatanda\u015flar\u0131n haklar\u0131 ve \u00f6devleri ile ilgili bir h\u00fck\u00fcm konulamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi vatanda\u015flara hitaben yaz\u0131lmaz. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra genelgeler icrai bir i\u015flem de\u011fil, i\u00e7 d\u00fczen i\u015flemi oldu\u011fundan genelgelere kar\u015f\u0131 idari yarg\u0131da iptal davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. Hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n icrai i\u015flem olmas\u0131 sebebiyle genelgeler normlar hiyerar\u015fisine dahil de\u011fildir.<\/p><p>Ancak uygulamada genelgelerle vatanda\u015flar\u0131n hak ve \u00f6devlerini etkileyen d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00d6rneklemek gerekirse; Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131yla m\u00fccadele kapsam\u0131nda verilen k\u0131s\u0131tlama kararlar\u0131 da; \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 26 Nisan 2021 tarihli \u201cTam Kapanma Tedbirleri\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.icisleri.gov.tr\/81-il-valiligine-tam-kapanma-tedbirleri-genelgesi-gonderildi\">Genelgesi<\/a>nde soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131; sa\u011fl\u0131k personeline istifa yasa\u011f\u0131 ise Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Y\u00f6netim Hizmetleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 27\/10\/2020 tarih ve 60438742-929-3137 say\u0131l\u0131 alt\u0131nda Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakan\u0131 Fahrettin Koca\u2019n\u0131n imzas\u0131 bulunan \u201cPersonel \u0130\u015flemleri\u201d konulu yaz\u0131s\u0131yla getirildi. Bu yasaklar\u0131n kanunla de\u011fil genelge ile getirilmesi ba\u015fta hak arama h\u00fcrriyeti olmak \u00fczere hukuki belirlilik ve hukuki g\u00fcvenilirlik ilkelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Anayasa madde 124\u2019te:<em> \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, bakanl\u0131klar ve kamu t\u00fczelki\u015fileri, kendi g\u00f6rev alanlar\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren kanunlar\u0131n ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak \u00fczere ve bunlara ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla, y\u00f6netmelikler \u00e7\u0131karabilirler.\u201d<sup>\u00a0 <\/sup><\/em>h\u00fckm\u00fc ile a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a idarenin d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemler yapma yetkisi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Ancak \u2018idarenin d\u00fczenleme yetkisi Anayasa\u2019dan kaynaklan\u0131r\u2019 \u00f6nermesi Anayasada ismi ge\u00e7memekle birlikte idarenin talimat, genelge, sirk\u00fcler gibi de\u011fi\u015fik adlar alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131karabilece\u011fi d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayamamaktad\u0131r. D\u00fczenleme yetkisi, idarenin Anayasada ismi ge\u00e7meyen d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerini de kapsayacak \u015fekilde, daha geni\u015f olarak Anayasan\u0131n idareye y\u00fcklemi\u015f oldu\u011fu kanunlar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi g\u00f6revine ba\u011flanabilir. Y\u00f6netmelikler i\u00e7erik ve ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yasalardan farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir, b\u00fct\u00fcn idare makamlar\u0131n\u0131, ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<sup><\/sup><\/p><p>Ger\u00e7ekten de yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm konular\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla d\u00fczenlemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re idarenin yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde bu d\u00fczenlemeleri yapabilece\u011fini kabul etme zorunlulu\u011fu s\u00f6z konusudur. Kald\u0131 ki, idarenin takdir yetkisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re, idarenin bu takdir yetkisinin herkes i\u00e7in e\u015fit bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ve b\u00f6ylece hukuki belirlili\u011fi sa\u011flamas\u0131na yarayacak d\u00fczenlemeleri yapmas\u0131 hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fi olarak kabul edilebilir.<\/p><p>D\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerin kanuna dayanmak zorunda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek, ads\u0131z d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlere, Anayasan\u0131n t\u00fcz\u00fck ve y\u00f6netmelikler i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden daha geni\u015f, hatta s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir alan sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ve bu d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemler ile y\u00f6netmelikler aras\u0131ndaki hiyerar\u015finin bu y\u00f6nde belirlenerek ads\u0131z d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerin y\u00f6netmeliklerden \u00fcst\u00fcn olabilece\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olur. Bu sonu\u00e7, Anayasaya ve \u00f6zellikle hukuk devleti ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p>Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip olmayan kurulu\u015flar\u0131n y\u00f6netmelik \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Dan\u0131\u015ftay 5. Dairesi, Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131mlanan Hac ve umre seyahatleriyle ilgili i\u015flerin Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine dair y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi, Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n genel idare i\u00e7inde Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131, ayr\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi bulunmayan bir kurulu\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, yetki y\u00f6n\u00fcnden hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bularak iptal etmi\u015ftir. Anayasa Mahkemesi i\u00e7tihad\u0131na g\u00f6re ise, t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip olmayan kurulu\u015flar y\u00f6netmelik haz\u0131rlayabilirler ancak bu y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunduklar\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015filik taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p><p>Az\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, y\u00f6netmelik ve ads\u0131z d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerin \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 makama g\u00f6re s\u0131ralanmakta oldu\u011fu, ayn\u0131 makam taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin ads\u0131z d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerden \u00f6nde geldi\u011fidir. K\u0131saca, y\u00f6netmelikler ile di\u011fer d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemler aras\u0131nda genel olarak bir fark g\u00f6zetilmemekte, bu d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerin isimlerine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n hangi makamdan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmakta ve makamlar aras\u0131nda hiyerar\u015fi bulunmas\u0131 durumunda \u00fcstte bulunan makam\u0131n i\u015fleminin \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015flemlerin ayn\u0131 makamdan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda ise y\u00f6netmeliklere \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak farkl\u0131 temellere dayand\u0131r\u0131lsa da idarenin t\u00fcz\u00fck ve y\u00f6netmelik d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka adlar alt\u0131nda da d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flem yapabilece\u011fi genel kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak, as\u0131l uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k ads\u0131z d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerin normlar hiyerar\u015fisindeki yeri \u00fczerinde etkisidir. Y\u00f6netmelik, anayasan\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir kaynak olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ads\u0131z d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerden \u00fcst\u00fcn olaca\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyiz. Ancak uygulamada genelgelerle vatanda\u015flar\u0131n hak ve \u00f6devlerini etkileyen d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. K\u0131saca ads\u0131z d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerin kayna\u011f\u0131 bunlar\u0131n y\u00f6netmeliklerle ayn\u0131 d\u00fczeyde olduklar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcn\u00fc gerektirmedi\u011fi gibi, bu kabul, hukuk devleti ilkesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\">01.02.2024<\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Elif \u00d6NEML\u0130BI\u00c7AK<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Avukat<\/em><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PR \u2013 M &#8211; 035 Kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddetle m\u00fccadele kapsam\u0131nda 25 Kas\u0131mda yay\u0131mlanan 2023\/16 say\u0131l\u0131 genelgenin 6. Maddesinde; \u201cKad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddetle m\u00fccadele alan\u0131nda kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 politikalar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesine temel olu\u015fturacak ve uluslararas\u0131 standartlarda istatistik \u00fcretilmesine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flayacak verilerin elde edilmesi amac\u0131yla n\u00fcfus temelli saha ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir.\u201d \u015eeklinde d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 6284 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ailenin Korunmas\u0131 ve Kad\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":77936,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ub_ctt_via":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[322,323],"tags":[324],"class_list":["post-162561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-en-3","category-makaleler-en","tag-etiket-en-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/MAKALELER.png","author_info":{"display_name":"Elif \u00d6NEML\u0130BI\u00c7AK","author_link":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/en\/author\/elifonemlibicak\/"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162561"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162561\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}