{"id":162646,"date":"2021-07-16T11:24:59","date_gmt":"2021-07-16T11:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/malpraktis-nedir-2\/"},"modified":"2021-07-16T11:24:59","modified_gmt":"2021-07-16T11:24:59","slug":"malpraktis-nedir-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ru\/malpraktis-nedir-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Malpraktis Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"162646\" class=\"elementor elementor-162646 elementor-55478\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-834e74a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"834e74a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f4e59 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"16f4e59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0d92cd exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0d92cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>PR \u2013 M \u2013 0006<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f46cb69 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f46cb69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1- Malpraktis (T\u0131bbi Uygulama Hatas\u0131) Hakk\u0131nda Genel Bilgi<\/strong><\/p><p>Malpraktis kelimesi Latince \u201cmala\u201d ve \u201cpraxis\u201d kelimelerinden t\u00fcremi\u015f, mesleki uygulamalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda beceri ya da \u00f6zen eksikli\u011finden kaynaklanan t\u00fcm kusurlu eylemleri tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 Malpraktis kelimesi \u201ct\u0131bbi malpraktis\u201d veya \u201ct\u0131bbi uygulama hatas\u0131\u201d olarak belirtilmesi uygun olacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Tabipler Birli\u011fi ise bu kelimeyi, 01.02.1999 tarihinde yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hekimlik Meslek Eti\u011fi Kurallar\u0131 (HEMK)\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesinde, hekimli\u011fin k\u00f6t\u00fc uygulanmas\u0131 (malpractice) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u201cbilgisizlik, deneyimsizlik veya ilgisizlik nedeniyle bir hastan\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesi\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>2- Hekim Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/strong><\/p><p>Hekim sorumlulu\u011fundan bahsedilebilmesi i\u00e7in, hekimin fiilinin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131, bir zarar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve meydana gelen zarar ile hekimin kusurlu eylemi aras\u0131nda illiyet ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. T\u0131bbi uygulama hatalar\u0131 nedeniyle hekimlerin cezai ve hukuki sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 meslek odalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 mesleki sorumluluklar\u0131 ve g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131klar\u0131 kurumlara kar\u015f\u0131 disiplin y\u00f6n\u00fcnden idari sorumluluklar\u0131 da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Hekimlerin mesleki uygulamalar\u0131 ile ilgili \u00e7ok say\u0131da yasal d\u00fczenleme mevcut olsa da, Ceza hukuku ve medeni hukuk mevzuat\u0131nda hekimlerin hukuki sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen \u00f6zel bir h\u00fck\u00fcm yoktur. Hekim kusuru s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda genel sorumluluk kurallar\u0131 ge\u00e7erli olmaktad\u0131r. T\u0131bbi uygulama hatas\u0131 ile su\u00e7lanan hekimler; ceza davas\u0131, hukuk (tazminat) davas\u0131, meslek kurulu\u015fu taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen disiplin i\u015flemleri ve idari soru\u015fturma gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli hukuksal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabilmektedir.<\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><strong><em>2.1. Hekimlerin Cezai Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p>Hekimlik mesle\u011finin amac\u0131, hastaya zarar vermek veya sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye sokmak de\u011fil, aksine hastay\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. Hekimlerden istenen, insan v\u00fccuduna hukuka uygun bir \u015fekilde m\u00fcdahale etmesidir. Hukuka uygun olmayan t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahaleler, hukuken ki\u015finin v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bir sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hekimler, hukuka uygun olmayan m\u00fcdahaleler ve kusurlar\u0131 neticesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan olumsuz sonu\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 Ceza Kanununda tan\u0131mlanan ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131labilmektedirler. T\u0131bbi uygulama hatas\u0131 sonucunda hekimler, Ceza Hukuku \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7o\u011funlukla taksirle yaralama ya da taksirle \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lanabilmekte, ancak,\u00a0 kasten \u00f6ld\u00fcrmenin ihmali davran\u0131\u015fla i\u015flenmesi (TCK 83\/1), kasten yaralaman\u0131n ihmali davran\u0131\u015fla i\u015flenmesi (TCK 88), g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma (TCK 257), insan \u00fczerinde deney (TCK 90), organ veya doku ticareti (TCK 91), \u00e7ocuk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrtme (TCK 99), k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma (TCK 101), s\u0131r saklama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali (TCK 136), bildirim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali (TCK 280), irtikap (TCK 250), genital muayene (TCK 287) su\u00e7lar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda da ilgili yasa maddeleri ile yarg\u0131lanabilmektedirler.<\/p><p><strong><em>2.2.Hekimlerin Hukuki Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p>Hukuka veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir fiille maddi veya manevi zarara neden olan ki\u015finin, verdi\u011fi zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc tutulmas\u0131na \u201chukuki sorumluluk\u201d ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Hekimler, mesleki kusurlar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hastada zarar olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda ceza hukukunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6zel hukuk (tazminat) y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de sorumlu tutulabilmektedirler. T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu (TBK)\u2019nun 49. maddesinde; \u201cKusurlu ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir fiille ba\u015fkas\u0131na zarar veren, bu zarar\u0131 gidermekle Hukuka veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir fiille maddi veya manevi zarara neden olan ki\u015finin, verdi\u011fi zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc tutulmas\u0131na \u201chukuki sorumluluk\u201d ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Hekimler, mesleki kusurlar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hastada zarar olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda ceza hukukunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6zel hukuk (tazminat) y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de sorumlu tutulabilmektedirler. T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu (TBK)\u2019nun 49. maddesinde; \u201cKusurlu ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir fiille ba\u015fkas\u0131na zarar veren, bu zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Zarar verici fiili yasaklayan bir hukuk kural\u0131 bulunmasa bile, ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir fiille ba\u015fkas\u0131na kasten zarar veren de, bu zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d \u015feklinde, hekimin kusurundan dolay\u0131 olu\u015fan zarar durumunda tazminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Hekimin tazminat sorumlulu\u011fundan bahsedilebilmesi i\u00e7in, hekimin eyleminin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131, hekimin kusurlu bir eylemde bulunmas\u0131, zarar olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve olu\u015fan zararla hekimin kusurlu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131nda illiyet yani nedensellik ba\u011f\u0131 kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak, olu\u015fan zarar ile hekimin kusurlu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131nda illiyet ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat y\u00fck\u00fc zarar g\u00f6ren tarafa aittir. \u0130spat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn hastada olmas\u0131, TBK\u2019n\u0131n 50. maddesinde; \u201cZarar g\u00f6ren, zarar\u0131n\u0131 ve zarar verenin kusurunu ispat y\u00fck\u00fc alt\u0131ndad\u0131r, u\u011fran\u0131lan zarar\u0131n miktar\u0131 tam olarak ispat edilemiyorsa h\u00e2kim, olaylar\u0131n ola\u011fan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve zarar g\u00f6renin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak, zarar\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 hakkaniyete uygun olarak belirler.\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hekimin kusurlu i\u015flemi sonucunda hastada maddi veya manevi zarar belirlenmesi durumunda, hekimin tazminat \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Hastada bedensel zarar olu\u015fmas\u0131 halinde maddi tazminat\u0131, TBK\u2019n\u0131n 54. maddesinde belirtilen, \u201ctedavi giderleri, kazan\u00e7 kayb\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131ndan ya da yitirilmesinden do\u011fan kay\u0131plar, ekonomik gelece\u011fin sars\u0131lmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan kay\u0131plar\u201d olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Hekim kusuru sonucu \u00f6l\u00fcm meydana geldi\u011fi takdirde, hekim taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gereken tazminat kalemleri, TBK\u2019n\u0131n 53. maddesinde; \u201ccenaze giderleri, \u00f6l\u00fcm hemen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015fse tedavi giderleri ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131ndan ya da yitirilmesinden do\u011fan kay\u0131plar ve \u00f6lenin deste\u011finden yoksun kalan ki\u015filerin bu sebeple u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 kay\u0131plar\u201d olarak s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hekim kusuru durumunda manevi tazminat ise TBK\u2019n\u0131n 56. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, \u201chakim, bir kimsenin bedensel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn zedelenmesi durumunda, olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak zarar g\u00f6rene uygun bir miktar paran\u0131n manevi tazminat olarak \u00f6denmesine karar verebilir. A\u011f\u0131r bedensel zarar veya \u00f6l\u00fcm halinde, zarar g\u00f6renin veya \u00f6lenin yak\u0131nlar\u0131na da manevi tazminat olarak uygun bir miktar paran\u0131n \u00f6denmesine karar verebilir\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f, manevi tazminat\u0131n sadece hastaya de\u011fil yak\u0131nlar\u0131na da \u00f6denebilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Mevcut yasal d\u00fczenlemeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale ile ilgili hukuki sorumluluklar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisi, haks\u0131z fiil ve vek\u00e2letsiz i\u015f g\u00f6rme olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Sorumluluk sebeplerine g\u00f6re tazminat dayana\u011f\u0131 ve kapsam\u0131 ile ispat y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011finden, hekimin sorumlulu\u011funun hangi esasa dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 konuyla ilgili bir hukuk b\u00fcrosuna dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda fayda vard\u0131r.<\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>3- G\u00f6revli Mahkeme<\/strong><\/p><p>Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan veya \u00f6zel bir sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015funda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hekime kar\u015f\u0131 malpraktis nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131lacak maddi ve\/veya manevi tazminat davalar\u0131 adli yarg\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev alan\u0131ndad\u0131r. 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun (3) uyar\u0131nca T\u00fcketici Mahkemeleri g\u00f6revlidir. Hekim ve \u00f6zel hastaneye kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Devlet hastanesinde ise durum farkl\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hekimler aleyhine do\u011frudan dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.\u00a0 Bu davalar Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aleyhine idare mahkemelerinde a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 129. maddesinin 5. F\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re; \u201cMemurlar ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin yetkilerini kullan\u0131rken i\u015fledikleri kusurlardan do\u011fan tazminat davalar\u0131, kendilerine r\u00fccu edilmek kayd\u0131yla ve kanunun g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u015fekil ve \u015fartlara uygun olarak, ancak idare aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131labilir.\u201d denmektedir. Devlet hastanelerinin yan\u0131nda, \u00fcniversite hastanesi, ruh ve sinir hastal\u0131klar\u0131 hastanesi,\u00a0 aile sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkezi ve benzer nitelikteki kamu kurumlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hekimlere kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lacak olan davalar da yine idare mahkemesinde a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>4- Sorumsuzluk Anla\u015fmas\u0131 Halinde Dahi Dava A\u00e7ma Hakk\u0131<\/strong><\/p><p>Di\u011fer s\u00f6zle\u015fme t\u00fcrlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi hekimlik s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde de sorumsuzluk anla\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Fakat Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 115. Madde h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca, bor\u00e7lunun a\u011f\u0131r kusurundan sorumlu olmayaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6nceden yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr. O halde hekimin sorumlu tutulamayaca\u011f\u0131 taraflarca kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa dahi a\u011f\u0131r kusur, kast, hile halinde anla\u015fma ge\u00e7ersiz olup hekimin hatal\u0131 m\u00fcdahalesinden kaynaklanan zarar\u0131n tazminini talep etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong>5- Dava Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 S\u00fcresi<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00d6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hekimlere kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lacak tazminat davalar\u0131 i\u00e7in zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi 5 y\u0131ld\u0131r. Zira T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hekimlere kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lacak tazminat davalar\u0131 i\u00e7in zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi 5 y\u0131ld\u0131r. Zira T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu uyar\u0131nca vek\u00e2let s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan alacaklar 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na tabidir. Hasta ile hekim aras\u0131nda eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin kuruldu\u011fu durumlarda ise yine T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanununa g\u00f6re 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi uygulanacakt\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcrenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ise zarar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fi tarihten itibarendir. Kamu hastanelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hekimlere kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lacak tazminat davalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ise hasta, hatal\u0131 t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalenin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren bir y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde ilgili kuruma, hastaneye zarar\u0131n tazmini talebini i\u00e7eren bir dilek\u00e7e ile ba\u015fvuruda bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvuruya idarece olumsuz yan\u0131t verilmesi halinde bu yan\u0131t\u0131n hastaya tebli\u011finden itibaren 60 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde idare mahkemesinde dava a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\">16.07.2021<\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Ensar Emre AKSOY<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Avukat\/Y\u00f6netici<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PR \u2013 M \u2013 0006 1- Malpraktis (T\u0131bbi Uygulama Hatas\u0131) Hakk\u0131nda Genel Bilgi Malpraktis kelimesi Latince \u201cmala\u201d ve \u201cpraxis\u201d kelimelerinden t\u00fcremi\u015f, mesleki uygulamalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda beceri ya da \u00f6zen eksikli\u011finden kaynaklanan t\u00fcm kusurlu eylemleri tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 Malpraktis kelimesi \u201ct\u0131bbi malpraktis\u201d veya \u201ct\u0131bbi uygulama hatas\u0131\u201d olarak belirtilmesi uygun olacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Tabipler Birli\u011fi ise bu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":77937,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ub_ctt_via":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[325,326],"tags":[327],"class_list":["post-162646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-ru-2","category-makaleler-ru","tag-etiket-ru-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/MAKALELER.png","author_info":{"display_name":"Ensar Emre AKSOY","author_link":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ru\/author\/ensaremreaksoy\/"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162646"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162646\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/protokolhukuk.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}